Analisis Perbandingan Struktur Pasar Persaingan Sempurna dan Monopoli dalam Penentuan Harga dan Kesejahtraan Konsumen

Abstract

Market structur datermines Who setsprices and who bears the associated costs. This article compares perfectly compertive markets and monopolies in terms of price determination, production volume, and consumer welfare while incorporanting the distinctin in islamic economics between monopoly as a market strukture and ihtikar as a from of konduce involving the hording or withholding of suffly. This study employs a qualitative-descriptive approach based on a literature review of microeconomics tekxbooks and recent journal articles, supplemented by an illustrative numerical simulation using linear demand and constant marginal cost assumptions. The simulation focuses on a hyphotetical food commodity market contextualized within the traditional markets of purwokerto. The simulation parameters are not derived from field data. The resulte indicate that under perfect competition, the price equals marginal cost at IDR 8,000/kg with a market quantity of 600 kg. In contrast, a monopolist reduceses the price by 75%, whhile the resulting deadweight loss amounts to IDR 900,000 per day, equivalent to half of hte monopolist’s profit. Scenarios involving ihtikar (withholding 30% of the supply) (tas’ir) demonstrate that these losses can be reduced, althougth day cannot be entirely eliminated. This article contributes a comparative framework encompassing four scenarios that links conventional microeconomic theory with Sharia principles and the context of traditional markets in Indonesia.